Melasma Characteristic in Hormonal Contraceptive Acceptors at Kelurahan Mangga Kecamatan Medan Tuntungan, Medan-Indonesia
Abstract
Background: Melasma is one of the most common skin problems in
dermatology. Areas often exposed to ultraviolet, especially the face
as a predilection of its disorder. The etiology of melasma remains
unknown. There are several risk factors considered to play a role in
the pathogenesis of melasma, one of them is the hormone, especially
those contained in hormonal contraceptives.
Aim: To know the characteristic of melasma related hormonal
contraceptive acceptors in Kelurahan Mangga Kecamatan Medan
Tuntungan, Medan.
Methods: This was a cross-sectional descriptive study which involved 83
subjects with hormonal contraceptive acceptors in Kelurahan Mangga
Kecamatan Medan Tuntungan, Medan. Diagnosis of melasma was made
based on history, clinical features and by Wood’s lamp examination. The
data obtained is processed and presented in tabulation form.
Results: In this study, the proportion of melasma in hormonal
contraceptive acceptors was 17 subjects (20.5%). The proportion
of melasma in oral contraceptive acceptors was 6 subjects (26.1%),
injection of 7 subjects (19.4%), implant 4 subjects (16.7%). Based
on the hormonal contraceptive content, the proportion of melasma
contains estrogen and progesterone was 11 subjects (23.4%) and
progesterone alone 6 subjects (16.7%). Based on duration of hormonal
contraceptive use melasma was found during 6-12 months in
2 subjects (11.7%), 13-24 months in 1 subjects (5,9%), 24-36 months
in 4 subject (23,5%), >36 months in 10 subject (58,8%). Based on the
type of clinical pattern that is centrofacial type in 9 subjects (52,9%),
malar in 8 subjects (47,1%). Based on Wood’s lamp is epidermal type in
16 subjects (94.1%), dermal type in 1 subject (5,9%).
Conclusions: In hormonal contraceptive acceptors was obtained
proportion of melasma 20,5% with oral contraception by 26.1%, 19.4%
injection and 16.7% implant. Proportion of melasma contains estrogen
and progesterone was 23.4%. Duration of hormonal contraceptive use,
melasma was found at most more than 36 months in 58,8%. The most
commonly found clinical pattern that is centrofacial type in 52,9% and
based on Wood’s lamp is epidermal type in 94.1%.