Melasma Characteristic in Hormonal Contraceptive Acceptors at Kelurahan Mangga Kecamatan Medan Tuntungan, Medan-Indonesia

Abstract

Background: Melasma is one of the most common skin problems in dermatology. Areas often exposed to ultraviolet, especially the face as a predilection of its disorder. The etiology of melasma remains unknown. There are several risk factors considered to play a role in the pathogenesis of melasma, one of them is the hormone, especially those contained in hormonal contraceptives. Aim: To know the characteristic of melasma related hormonal contraceptive acceptors in Kelurahan Mangga Kecamatan Medan Tuntungan, Medan. Methods: This was a cross-sectional descriptive study which involved 83 subjects with hormonal contraceptive acceptors in Kelurahan Mangga Kecamatan Medan Tuntungan, Medan. Diagnosis of melasma was made based on history, clinical features and by Wood’s lamp examination. The data obtained is processed and presented in tabulation form. Results: In this study, the proportion of melasma in hormonal contraceptive acceptors was 17 subjects (20.5%). The proportion of melasma in oral contraceptive acceptors was 6 subjects (26.1%), injection of 7 subjects (19.4%), implant 4 subjects (16.7%). Based on the hormonal contraceptive content, the proportion of melasma contains estrogen and progesterone was 11 subjects (23.4%) and progesterone alone 6 subjects (16.7%). Based on duration of hormonal contraceptive use melasma was found during 6-12 months in 2 subjects (11.7%), 13-24 months in 1 subjects (5,9%), 24-36 months in 4 subject (23,5%), >36 months in 10 subject (58,8%). Based on the type of clinical pattern that is centrofacial type in 9 subjects (52,9%), malar in 8 subjects (47,1%). Based on Wood’s lamp is epidermal type in 16 subjects (94.1%), dermal type in 1 subject (5,9%). Conclusions: In hormonal contraceptive acceptors was obtained proportion of melasma 20,5% with oral contraception by 26.1%, 19.4% injection and 16.7% implant. Proportion of melasma contains estrogen and progesterone was 23.4%. Duration of hormonal contraceptive use, melasma was found at most more than 36 months in 58,8%. The most commonly found clinical pattern that is centrofacial type in 52,9% and based on Wood’s lamp is epidermal type in 94.1%.