Staterin Saliva : Pelindung Enamel yang Berkontribusi dalam Kolonisasi Bakteri

Abstract

Saliva is a reflection of the health of the oral cavity and the source for analyzing systemic condition through the developmentof salivary biomarkers analysis. Saliva filled with calcium and phosphateions, whose existence is regulated by several proteins that bind to saliva, specifically statherin and proline rich protein. Statherin is a humansalivary protein in low molecule and produced bythe parotid gland and submandibular gland. Statherin in saliva indicates the availability of calcium ions in saliva becauseit is saturated with calcium phosphate salts which ensures remineralization processon the enamel goes well. Statherin bind to hydroxyapatite, indicating a possible role in pellicle and plaque formation. On the tooth surface, statherin prevents the absorption of high molecular weight glycoproteins (HMWGPs), whichis then attracts bonding HMWGPattachment with bacteria, including Streptococcus mutans. Statherin also cause hyphae transition (the most invasive form of the fungus) into yeast on Candida albicans, it does give an indication of Statherin contribute in the oral cavity defense against fungal attack.. This Protein alsofacilitates the attachment ofF. nucleatum on the tooth surface which had beenfirst crystal hydroxyapatite binding. Statherin-rich layer on the surface of the teeth also showed a high calcium zonethatfacilitate smineralization of tooth enamel, without further precipitation that actually resulted in the mineralization of dental plaque. Overall Statherin importanceto the oral cavity by protecting enamel of teeth through the lubrication and mineral homeostasis, and when they are absorbed,it contributes to early phase of bacterial colonization.