Analisis Faktor Risiko Kejadian Stunting pada Anak Balita di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Muara Tiga Kabupaten Pidie

Abstract

Stunting merupakan salah satu keadaan kurang gizi kronis diukur menggunakan indikator TB/U disebabkan oleh multifaktor. Prevalensi stunting secara nasional sebesar 37,2% termasuk dalam masalah kesehatan masyarakat yang dianggap berat. Faktor risiko stuntingantara lain pola pengasuhan, penyakit infeksi seperti diare dan Infeksi Saluran Pernafasan Atas, berat badan lahir, dan pemberian ASI Eksklusif. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui faktor risiko kejadian stunting pada anak balita. Desain penelitian adalah kasus kontrol yang dilakukan di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Muara Tiga Kabupaten Pidie. Kasus adalah anak balita stunting sebanyak 70 anak dan kontrol adalah anak balita yang tidak stunting sebanyak 70 anak. Data penelitian dikumpulkan dengan melakukan obeservasi dan wawancara responden yaitu ibu-ibu menggunakan kuesioner. Analisis data dilakukan dengan analisis univariat, analisis bivariat, analisis multivariat menggunakan regresi logistik ganda dan perhitungan Population Attributable Risk (PAR) dengan interval kepercayaan 95%. Hasil regresi logistik ganda diperoleh faktor risiko kejadian stunting adalah pemberian ASI Eksklusif dan pola asuh perawatan kesehatan. Sebagai faktor risiko yang paling dominanadalah pemberian ASI Eksklusif (Exp(B)=3,667 CI 95% ; 1,250-10,758). Hasil perhitungan Population Attributable Risk (PAR) pemberian ASI Eksklusif diperoleh 59% artinya pemberian ASI Eksklusif akan menurunkan kejadian stunting pada anak balita sebesar 59%. Faktor risiko yang paling dominan terhadap kejadian stunting yaitu riwayat pemberian ASI Eksklusif.Disarankan kepada petugas kesehatan untuk memberikan penyuluhan tentang pemberian ASI Eksklusif pada bayi baru lahir sebagai upaya menurunkan angka kejadian stunting pada anak balita

Stunting is one of chronic malnutrition problems, measured by TB/U indicator and caused by multi-factors. Nationally, the prevalence of stunting is 37.2%, including serious public health problems. The risk factors for stunting were parenting pattern, infections disease such as diarrhea, and upper respiratory tract infection, life-birth weight, and exclusive breastfeeding. The objective of the research was to find out the risk factors for the incidence of stunting in under five years-old children. The design of research was case-control which the population was 70 stunting and 70 non-stunting under five years-old children conducted in the working area of Muara Tiga Puskesmas Pidie District. The data were gathered by conducting observation and interviews with mothers as the respondents using the questionnaire. The gathered data were analyzed by using univariate analysis, bivariate analysis, multivariate analysis with multiple logistic regression analysis and the Population Attributable Risk (PAR) with the significance interval of 95%. The result of multiple logistic regression showed that risk factors for stunting were exclusive breastfeeding and health care pattern. As the most dominant factor was exclusive breastfeeding (Exp (β)=3.667 CI 95%; 1.250-10.758). The result of Population Attributable Risk (PAR) showed that exclusive breastfeeding was 59% means the exclusive breastfeeding will decrease incidence of stunting in under five years-old children 59%.. The most dominant factor for the incidence of stunting in under five years-old children was exclusive breastfeeding. It is recommended that health care providers for counseling about breastfeeding newborn babies with exclusive breastfeeding in order to decrease the incidence of stunting