Hubungan Pengetahuan, Komunikasi Interpersonal, dan Keterampilan Teknik dengan Penerapan Proses Keperawatan di Ruang Rawat Inap RSUP Haji Adam Malik Medan

Abstract

Proses keperawatan merupakan sebuah siklus yang mempunyai tujuan secara umum untuk menyusun kerangka konsep berdasarkan keadaan individu (klien), keluarga, dan masyarakat agar kebutuhan mereka dapat terpenuhi. Proses keperawatan adalah suatu tahapan desain tindakan yang ditujukan untuk memenuhi tujuan keperawatan, yang meliputi mempertahankan keadaan kesehatan klien secara optimal. Jenis penelitian ini adalah explanatory study dengan desain cross sectional yang bertujuan menganalisis hubungan pengetahuan, komunikasi interpersonal, dan keterampilan teknik dengan penerapan proses keperawatan. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Ruang Rawat Inap Rumah Sakit Umum Pusat Haji Adam Malik Medan. Populasi sebanyak 362 orang, dan sampel diperoleh 190 orang. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan dengan teknik proporsional (proportionate stratified random sampling) yaitu pengambilan sampel dari populasi secara acak dan berstrata secara proporsional. Pengambilan data dilakukan dengan menggunakan kuesioner dan observasi. Analisis data menggunakan analisis univariat, analisis bivariat dengan uji chi-square, dan analisis multivariat dengan uji regresi logistik ganda. Hasil penelitian dengan uji regresi logistik ganda menunjukkan variabel komunikasi interpersonal dan variabel keterampilan teknik, merupakan variabel yang berpengaruh terhadap penerapan proses keperawatan. Probabilitas perawat melakukan penerapan proses keperawatan yaitu jika komunikasi interpersonal baik, dan memiliki keterampilan teknik yang baik maka nilai probabilitas perawat menerapkan proses keperawatan sebesar 91,26%. Sebaliknya komunikasi interpersonal kurang baik, dan kurang terampil maka perawat menerapkan proses keperawatan sebesar 11,69%. Hasil kuesioner bertolak belakang dengan hasil observasi, dimana hasil kuesioner rata-rata menunjukkan baik (84,2%) sementara hasil observasi masih jauh dari yang diharapkan (39,5%) yang melakukan penerapan proses keperawatan. Disarankan pada seluruh administrator keperawatan di RSUP H. Adam Malik agar dapat melakukan observasi secara kontiniu terhadap kinerja pelaksana di unitnya masing–masing.

Nursing process is a cycle whose purpose, in general, is to prepare the conceptual framework based on the condition of individual (client), family and community in order to meet their needs. Nursing process is a stage of action design intended to meet the objective of nursing including the maintenance of the health condition of the client as optimal as possible. The purpose of this explanatory study with cross-sectional design conducted in the in-patient wards of H. Adam Malik General Hospital was to analyze the relationship between knowledge, interpersonal communication, and technical skills and the application of nursing process. The population of this study was 362 nurses 190 of them were selected to be the samples for this study through proportionate stratified random sampling technique. The data for this study were obtained through observation and questionnaire distribution. The data obtained were analyzed through univariate analysis, bivariate analysis with Chi-square test, and multivariate analysis with multiple logistic regression tests. The result of multiple logistic regression tests showed that the variables of interpersonal communication and technical skills had influence on the application of nursing process. If the nurses have good interpersonal communication and good technical skills, the value of nurses’ probability to apply nursing process is 91.26%. On the contrary, if the interpersonal communication and technical skills of the nurses are poor, the probability of nurses to apply the nursing process is 11.69%. The result of questionnaire distribution was on the contrary to the result of observation. The average result of questionnaire about the nurses applying nursing process was good (84.2%) while the result of observation was still far from what expected (39.5%). All of the nursing administrators at H. Adam Malik General Hospital are suggested to do continuous observations of the performance of nurses in their respective units.