Karakteristik Penderita Tifus Abdominalis Dengan Pemeriksaan Test Widal Rawat Inap Di RSU Dr. Ferdinand Lumban Tobing Sibolga Januari 2010 - Juli 2012

Abstract

Tifus abdominalis merupakan salah satu penyakit menular yang berkaitan dengan lingkungan yang tidak memenuhi syarat kesehatan. Berdasarkan data WHO (2003) terdapat 17 juta kasus Tifus abdominalis di seluruh dunia dengan CFR 3,5%. Pada Tahun 2008 proporsi penderita Tifus abdominalis rawat inap di Rumah Sakit Sumatera Utara sebesar 11,4%. Tahun 2010 di RSU F.L. Tobing Sibolga proporsi penderita Tifus abdominalis 1,5%, tahun 2011 sebesar 2,1% dan tahun 2012 per Juli sebesar 2,9%. Untuk mengetahui karakteristik penderita Tifus abdominalis dengan pemeriksaan Test Widal dilakukan penelitian deskriptif dengan desain case series. Populasi penderita Tifus abdominalis sebesar 358 orang dan sampel diambil secara purposive random sampling dengan kriteria memiliki hasil uji laboratorium Test Widal berjumlah 181 orang. Analisa data menggunakan uji chi-square, t-test, dan anova. Proporsi sosiodemografi tertinggi: kelompok umur 1-10 tahun 59,1%, laki-laki 55,8%, belum sekolah 42,3%, belum bekerja 42,5%, status belum kawin 86,7%, dan berasal kota Sibolga 58,6%. Proporisi berdasarkan gejala klinis sewaktu masuk tertinggi dengan gejala demam100,0%, tanpa komplikasi 89,5%, jenis komplikasi respirasi 36,8%, lama rawatan rata-rata 3,73 hari, pulang berobat jalan 84,0%, asal biaya bukan biaya sendiri 54,1%, titer O (=1/160) 54,7%, titer H (=1/320) 37,6%. Tidak ada perbedaan bermakna antara proporsi jenis kelamin berdasarkan status komplikasi (p=0,683).Tidak ada perbedaan bermakna antara lama rawatan rata-rata berdasarkan status komplikasi (p=0,375).Terdapat perbedaan bermakna antara lama rawatan rata-rata berdasarkan sumber biaya (p= 0,044). Tidak ada perbedaan bermakna antara keadaan sewaktu pulang berdasarkan sumber biaya (p=0,450). Tidak ada perbedaan bermakna antara proporsi titer O berdasarkan status komplikasi (p=0,524). Tidak ada perbedaan bermakna antara proporsi titer H berdasarkan status komplikasi (p= 0,440). Diharapkan kepada pihak rumah sakit untuk memberikan informasi kepada para penderita yang telah sembuh untuk melakukan pemeriksaan lanjutan sebulan sekali serta menjaga higiene perorangan dan lingkungan.

Typhus abdominalis is one of the communicable diseases related to the environment that do not meet the health requirement. Based on WHO (2003) there are 17 million Typhus abdominalis cases with CFR of 3,5%. On 2008 the proportion of Typhus abdominalis sufferer in North Sumatera Hospital 11,4%. On 2010 at the F.L. Tobing Sibolga Hospital proportion Typhus abdominalis sufferer is 1,5%, on 2011 is 2,1% and on 2012 as of July the proportion is 2,9% . To know characteristics of Typhus abdominalis sufferer with Widal Test examinations conducted a descriptive study design case series. The population in this research are 358 sufferer were taken by purposive random sampling criteria have Widal Test laboratory test results are 181. For analyzing, it is used chi square,t-test and anova. The highest sociodemographic proportion are age 1-10 years old 59.1%, men 55.8%, 42.3% not attending school, not working 42.5%, unmarried 86.7%, and the city came Sibolga 58 , 6%. The highest proportion Typhus abdominalis sufferer with 100% fever symptoms, 89.5% without complications, 36.8% respiratory complications, average of length stay 3.73 days, 84.0% discharge with outpatient treatment, 54.1% as long as the cost is not own expense, O titer (= 1/160) 54.7%, H titer(= 1/320) 37.6%. There is no significant difference between the proportion of sexes based on the status of complications (p = 0.683). There is no significant difference between the average treatment time based on the status of complications (p= 0.375). There are significant differences between the average treatment time based on the source cost (p = 0.044). There is no significant difference between coming home condition based sourcing costs (p = 0.450). There is no significant difference between the proportion of O titer based on the status of complications (p = 0.524). There is no significant difference between the proportion of H titer based on the status of complications(p=0.440). Expected to the hospital to give information to the people who have recovered for further examination once a month and maintain personal hygiene and the environment.