Karakteristik Penderita Kehamilan Ektopik Terganggu di Rumah Sakit Umum Daerah dr. Pirngadi Medan Tahun 2005-2010

Abstract

Ectopic Pregnancy (EP) is a pregnancy in which the fertilized ovum is implanted and grows outside the endometrial cavity of the uterus. Based on reports from health statistic center in Indonesia are known that in 2007 the proportion of EP 0,02%. About 16% death in the world is caused of blooding in pregnancy that is caused of ectopic pregnancy that is broken. To know the characteristic of EP patient at Dr. Pirngadi General Hospital in 2005-2010 is used descriptive research with case series design. The population were 127 data of EP patient. The sample were the same with population (total sampling). The data were analyzed using Chi-square, T-test and Anova. Based on 2005-2010 data, the visitation of EP patient showed decrease according to equation y=-4,83x+38,07. The highest proportion of patients with EP in the age group 25-35 years 64,6%, Javaness 46,5%, Moslem 70,1%, Senior High School 57,5%, housewives 78,0%, live in Medan 79,5%, parity ≥ 2 62,2%, the age of pregnancy was 5-8 weeks 70,9%, abdominal pain 54,3%, anemia 64,6%, surgery 100%, average length of stay 5,66 days, came alone 71,7% and recovered 97,6%. There was significant difference between the age group based on parity (p=0,007). Statistical analysis can not be conducted to determine the proportion of age based on the age of pregnancy and anemia status based on the age of pregnancy. There was not significant difference between average length of stay based on the age of pregnancy (p=0,954). There was not significant difference between average length of stay based on anemia status (p=0,489). There was not significant difference between average length of stay based on the condition when home (p=0,254). The pregnant women is expected to do prenata care using USG in early pregnancy so that if there an EP can be immediately detected.

Kehamilan ektopik terganggu ialah kehamilan dimana sel telur yang dibuahi berimplantasi dan tumbuh di luar kavum uterus. Berdasarkan laporan dari Pusat Statistik Kesehatan di Indonesia diketahui pada tahun 2007 proporsi kehamilan ektopik 0,02%. Sekitar 16% kematian di dunia oleh sebab perdarahan dalam kehamilan dilaporkan disebabkan oleh kehamilan ektopik yang pecah. Untuk mengetahui karakteristik penderita KET di RSUD Dr. Pirngadi Medan Tahun 2005-2010 dilakukan penelitian bersifat deskriptif dengan desain case series. Populasi adalah seluruh data penderita KET yang berjumlah 127 orang. Sampel penelitian adalah sama dengan populasi (total sampling). Data dianalisa dengan uji Chi-square, T-test dan Anova. Berdasarkan data tahun 2005-2010, kecenderungan kunjungan penderita KET menunjukkan penurunan dengan persamaan garis y=-4,83x+38,07. Proporsi penderita KET tertinggi pada kelompok umur 25-35 tahun 64,6%, Jawa 46,5%, Islam 70,1%, SLTA 57,5%, ibu rumah tangga 78,0%, kota Medan 79,5%, paritas ≥ 2 62,2%, usia kehamilan 5-8 minggu 70,9%, nyeri perut 54,3%, anemia 64,6%, operasi 100%, lama rawatan rata-rata 5,66 hari, datang sendiri 71,7% dan sembuh/berobat jalan 97,6%. Ada perbedaan proporsi yang bermakna antara umur berdasarkan paritas (p=0,007). Analisa statistik tidak dapat dilakukan untuk mengetahui proporsi umur berdasarkan usia kehamilan dan status anemia berdasarkan usia kehamilan. Tidak ada perbedaan yang bermakna antara lama rawatan rata-rata berdasarkan usia kehamilan (p=0,954). Tidak ada perbedaan yang bermakna antara lama rawatan rata-rata berdasarkan status anemia (p=0,489). Tidak ada perbedaan yang bermakna antara lama rawatan rata-rata berdasarkan keadaan sewaktu pulang (p=0,254). Diharapkan kepada ibu hamil untuk melakukan pemeriksaan kehamilan dengan menggunakan USG pada awal kehamilan sehingga apabila terjadi kehamilan ektopik dapat segera terdeteksi.