Pengaruh Faktor Internal dan Eksternal Ibu terhadap Kejadian BBLR di RSUD Langsa

Abstract

Bayi Berat Lahir Rendah (BBLR) merupakan salah satu faktor utama yang berpengaruh terhadap kematian perinatal dan neonatal. Berdasarkan catatan dari ruang kebidanan RSUD Langsa tahun 2008 terdapat 38 kasus BBLR atau 6,12% dari seluruh persalinan. Telah dilakukan penelitian untuk menganalisis pengaruh faktor internal ibu (umur, pendidikan, paritas, jarak kelahiran, riwayat penyakit) dan faktor eksternal ibu (akses terhadap pelayanan kesehatan, ANC, dukungan suami) terhadap kejadian BBLR di RSUD Langsa. Penelitian ini merupakan studi analitik observasional dengan desain matched case control study (kasus kontrol berpasangan). Matching dilakukan menurut tingkat pendapatan. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah semua ibu yang melahirkan di ruang persalinan RSUD Langsa periode September 2008 s/d Desember 2009 berjumlah 1.172 kasus. Sampel dalam penelitian ini sebanyak 180 responden terdiri dari 90 kasus dan 90 kontrol. Pengumpulan data dilakukan secara retrospektif. Metode analisa data menggunakan uji McNemar dan uji conditional logistic regression. Hasil uji bivariat dengan McNemar menunjukkan bahwa 3 variabel yang diteliti memiliki hubungan yang bermakna terhadap kejadian BBLR riwayat penyakit (p=0,0002), akses (p=0,0001), ANC (p=0,0001). Hasil multivariat dengan uji conditional logistic regression menunjukkan hanya 1 variabel yang berpengaruh terhadap kejadian BBLR yaitu riwayat penyakit infeksi/kronis dengan (p=0,0212) OR = 11,31 (95% CI 1,44-88,99) . Diharapkan kepada petugas kesehatan di Rumah sakit untuk melakukan pemantauan terhadap kesehatan ibu hamil terutama yang memiliki riwayat penyakit infeksi dan penyakit kronis sehingga dapat mengurangi risiko kejadian BBLR.

Low Birth Weight (LBW) is one of the main factors which bring effect to both the prenatal and neonatal death. Based on the record from the maternity ward in RSUD Langsa there were 38 Low Birth Weight (LBW) cases or 6,1 % out of the total deliveries 2008. It was researched to analyze the influence of mother’s internal factors (age, level of education, parity, birth interval, history of chronic/infection disease) and external factors (the access to the healthcare providers, antenatal care (ANC), and support of husband) on the incident of LBW in Langsa General Hospital. This is an observational analytic study with matched case control study design. Matching was done according to the level of family income . The population in this research are all the mother who give birth in RSUD Langsa period September 2008 until Desember 2009 as much as 1.172 cases. The samples for this study were 180 respondents consisting of 90 case group and 90 for control group. The data for this study were collected through a retrospective method. The data obtained were analyzed trough the McNemar and conditional logistic regression tests. The results of bivariate analysis with McNemar test showed that there were 3 studied variables which had significant related on the incident of Low Birth Weight such as history of chronic/infection disease (p=0,0002), access (p=0,0001), and ANC (p=0,0001) The result of multivariate analysis with conditional logistic regression test showed that there was 1 variables which had significantly influence on the incident of LBW that history of chronic/infection disease = 0,0212, OR = 11,31 (95% CI 1,44-88,99). The health workers in RSUD Langsa are suggested to watch over risk pregnant mother condition and focus for the pregnant mother who has chronic /infection disease, to decrease Low Birth Weight (LBW) cases.