Identifikasi Dan Distribusi Nematoda Parasitik Pada Tanaman Tembakau Deli (Nicotiana Tabacum L.)

Abstract

In general, the visible symptoms from parasitic nematode infection declined the plant growth. Plants infected by the nematodes were susceptible to attack by secondary pathogens. It was expected/presumed that there were diffent nematodes diversity and population at different places in Deli tobacco planting areas of region II (Helvetia, Bulu Cina, Klambir Lima, Klumpang), PTPN II, Tanjung Morawa. The experiment was conducted by sampling soil from surrounding Deli tobacco planting area at Deli Plantation of region JJ (PTPN II) 100 g/sample point. There were 30 sample points/0.8 ha by using zig-zag method. After that, soil was extracted by Baermann funnel, then the nematodes were identified and the population was counted in the laboratory of Plant Disease, Fac. of Agriculture, Univ. of North Sumatera. The parameters were nematode genus and nematode populationfrom each genus. Absolute Frequency (FM), Relative Frequency (FR), Absolute Density (KM), Relative Density (KR) and Prominent Value (NP) were counted from each genus. The results showed that five genus were found, including Aphelenchoides, Tylenchus, Tylenchorhynchus, Pratylenchus and Ditylenchus. The results showed that higest population was Aphelenchoides (262 nematodes), then was followed by Tylenchus (79 nematodes), Tylenchorhynchus (75 nematodes), Pratylenchus (49 nematodes), Ditylenchus (39 nematodes) respectively. The higest population was Aphelenchoides spp. in Helvetia (70 nematodes) with NP = 664.08, Tylenchus spp. in Klumpang (25 nematodes) with NP = 204.13, Tylenchorhynchus spp. in Helvetia (22 nematodes) with NP = 160.66, Pratylenchus spp. in Bulu Cina (20 nematodes) with NP = 121.16, and Ditylenchus spp. in Klumpang (14 nematodes) with NP = 88.54 respectively. The genus of parasitic nematodes found at Deli tobacco planting areas of Deli tobacco plantation of region JJ, PTPN II, Tanjung Morawa were Ahelenchoides, Tylenchus, Tylenchorhynchus, Pratylenchus, and Ditylenchus. The largest nematodes distribution was Aphelenchoides spp. then was followed by Tylenchus spp., Tylenchorhynchus spp., Pratylenchus spp., and Ditylenchus spp. respectively. The higest nematode population was in Klumpang (137 nematodes), then was followed by in Helvetia (131 nematodes), in Klambir Lima (121 nematodes), and in Bulu Cina (115 nematodes).

Infeksi dari nematoda parasitik yang paling tampak pada tanaman secara umum mengurangi pertumbuhan. Pada pertanaman akibat infeksi nematoda menyebabkan tanaman akan mudah terserang patogen sekunder. Pada pertanaman tembakau Deli Perkebunan Tembakau Deli wilayah H (Helvetia, Bulu Cina, Klambir lima, Klumpang) PTPNII, Tanjung Morawa diduga terdapat keragaman dan kerapatan nematoda parasitik yang berbeda tiap daerah. Penelitian dilakukan dengan mengambil sampel tanah dari sekitar pertanaman tembakau Deli Perkebunan Tembakau Deli wilayah U PTPN n sebanyak 100 g/titik sampel. Jumlah titik sampel tiap daerah 30 titik sampel/0,8 ha dengan penentuan titik sampel dengan metode zig-zag. Kemudian tanah diekstraksi dengan teknik corong Baermann di laboratorium Penyakit, Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Sumatera Utara lalu diidentifikasi genus nematoda dan dihitung populasinya. Pada penelitian ini peubah yang digunakan adalah genus nematoda dan populasi nematoda dari setiap genus. Setiap genus dihitung Frekwensi Mutlak (FM), Frekwensi Relatif (FR), Kepadatan Mutlak (KM), Kepadatan Relatif (KR) dan Nilai Prorninensi (NP). Hasil penelitian yang dilakukan didapat 5 genus nematoda parasitik yaitu Aphelenchoides, Tylenchus, Tylenchorhynchus, Pratylenchus, dan Ditylenchus. Dari pengamatan diperoleh kepadatan populasi tertinggi Aphelenchoides (262 nematoda), diikuti Tylenchus (79 nematoda), Tylenchorhynchus (75 nematoda), Pratylenchus (49 nematoda), dan Ditylenchus (39 nematoda). Dari Hasil penelitian populasi nematoda tertinggi Aphelenchoides spp. di Helvetia (70 nematoda) NP sebesar 664,08, diikuti Tylenchus spp. di Klumpang (25 nematoda) NP sebesar 204,13, Tylenchorhynchus spp. di Helvetia (22 nematoda) NP sebesar 160,66, Pratylenchus spp. di Bulu Cina (20 nematoda) NP sebesar 121,16, Ditylenchus spp. di Klumpang (14 nematoda) NP sebesar 88,54. Genus nematoda parasit yang dijumpai dipertanaman tembakau Deli Perkebunan Tembakau Deli wilayah II PTPN II Tanjung Morawa adalah Aphelenchoides, Tylenchus, Tylenchorhynchus, Pratylenchus, dan Ditylenchus. Distribusi nematoda terluas Aphelenchoides spp, diikuti Tylenchus spp., Tylenchorhynchus spp., Pratylenchus spp., dan Ditylenchus spp.. Populasi nematoda tertinggi terdapat di daerah Klumpang (137 nematoda), diikuti Helvetia (131 nematoda), Klambir lima (121 nematoda), dan Bulu Cina (115 nematoda).