Pengaruh Pola Makan dan Aktivitas Fisik terhadap Anemia Pada Siswi Atlit di SMA 9 Banda Aceh

Abstract

Nutritional Anemia, especially the Iron Deficiency Anemia, is a community health problem which does not only occur in babies, children under five years old and pregnant mothers but also in school children including female adolescents. Based on the data of WHO in Indonesia in 2001, the adolescents developing anemia ranged from 41.4% - 66.7%, while in Aceh Province, 30.2% of the women in productive age suffered anemia. The purpose of this analytical study was to analyze the influence of eating pattern and physical activity on anemia in female athletes of SMA 9 Banda Aceh. The population and sample for this study were 31 persons. The data collected were analyzed through multiple logistic regression tests. The result of this study showed that anemia prevalence was high enough (up to 41.9%). The result of bivariate analysis showed that there was a relationship between eating pattern based on Fe and Vitamin C consumption (p < 0.05) and anemia. The result of multivariate analysis showed that the most dominant factor which influenced the incident of anemia was eating pattern based on Fe consumption (β = -5.864). Eating pattern which was based on energy consumption, protein consumption and physical activity did not have influence on anemia (p > 0.05). The manager of athlete dormitory is suggested to provide more variation of food containing high nutrition that can help absorb the iron substance; not to provide the drinks which impede the absorption of iron when eating. The candidates of athlete students need to do medical check-up and Hb examination once in 6 (six) months. The school management needs to do an extension on anemia. The adolescents need to improve their consumption of energy, protein, Vitamin C and Fe especially for those who practice heavy physical activity.