Uji Aktivitas Antibakteriekstrak Etanol Daun Kembang Bulan(Tithonia diversifolia (Hemsley) A. Gray) Terhadap Bakteri Staphylococcus aureus, Propionibacterium acnes dan Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Abstract

Kembang bulan (Tithonia diversifolia (Hemsley) A. Gray) familia Asteraceae merupakan salah satu tanaman obat yang digunakan sebagai obat tradisional di Indonesia.Tanaman ini digunakan sebagai obat luka atau luka lebam, berkhasiat sebagai obat sakit perut kembung, penyakit lepra, dan penyakit lever.Daun kembang bulan mengandung flavonoida, glikosida, saponin, tanin dan triterpenoid/steroid.Senyawa fenol seperti flavonoid dan tanin memiliki aktivitas sebagai antibakteri. Adanya kandungan senyawa flavonoid dan tanin tersebut, diharapkan ekstrak daun kembang bulan dapat menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923,Propionibacteriumacnes ATCC 11827dan Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853. Penelitian ini dilakukan untukmengetahui karakteristik dan aktivitas antibakteri dari ekstrak etanol daun kembang bulan. Karakterisasi dilakukanmenurut Materia Medika Indonesia edisi VI yang meliputi penetapan kadar air, penetapan kadar sari larut dalam air, penetapan kadar sari larut dalam etanol, penetapan kadar abu total dan penetapan kadar abu tidak larut dalam asam. Pengujian aktivitas antibakteri dilakukan secara in vitro dengan metode difusi agar dengan pengenceran ekstrak etanol daun kembang bulan secara serial dengan konsentrasi berturut-turut 300 mg/ml, 250 mg/ml, 200 mg/ml, 150 mg/ml, 100 mg/ml, 75 mg/ml, 50 mg/ml, 25 mg/ml dan 10 mg/ml. Parameter yang dilihat adalah besarnya diameter hambat pertumbuhan bakteri yang diukur dengan menggunakan jangka sorong. Hasil karakterisasi ekstrak etanol daun kembang bulan menunjukkan kadar air 8,85%, kadar abu total 6,82%, kadar abu total tidak larut asam 0,446%, kadar sari larut dalam air 69,054%, dan kadar sari larut dalam etanol 26,164%. Ekstrak etanol daun kembang bulan mempunyai aktivitas sebagai antibakteri. Aktivitas antibakteri ekstrak etanol daun kembang bulan yang memuaskan pada bakteri Staphylococcus aureus adalahpada konsentrasi 75 mg/ml dengan diameter hambat 14,25 mm, pada bakteri Propionibacterium acnes dan Pseudomonas aeruginosa pada konsentrasi 100 mg/ml dengan diameter hambat 15,88 mm dan 15,65 mm.

Kembang Bulan (Tithonia diversifolia (Hemsley) A. Gray), family Asteraceae is one of the medicinal plants used as traditional medicine in Indonesia. This plant is used as remedies for wounds or injuries bruising, efficacious for curing flatulence, leprosy, and liver disease. The leaves contain flavonoides, glycosides, saponins, tannins and triterphenoids/steroids. Phenol compounds such as flavonoids and tannins have activity as an antibacterial. That it contains flavonoids and tannins, it is expected that extract of kembang bulan’s leaves can inhibit the growth of bacteria Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, Propionibacterium acnes ATCC and 11827, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853. This research was conducted to investigate the characteristics and antibacterial activity of ethanol extract of kembang bulan’s leaves. Characterization was carried out according to Medika Materia Indonesia the sixth edition that includes the determination of water content, determination of water soluble extracts, determination of ethanol-soluble extract, determination of total ash content and the determination of ash content which does not dissolve in acid. Tests for antibacterial activity was tested in vitro by diffusion method in order due to the dilution of ethanol extract of kembang bulan’s leaves in a series with consecutive concentrations became 300 mg/ml, 250 mg/ml, 200 mg/ml, 150 mg/ml, 100 mg/ml, 75 mg/ml, 50 mg/ml, 25 mg/ml and 10 mg/ml. The parameters which are considered are the large diameter of bacterial growth inhibition that was measured by using a shove. The results of characterization of ethanol extract of kembang bulan’s leaves showed the water content is 8.85%, total ash content is 6.82%, total ash acid insoluble content is 0.446%, water-soluble extract content is 69.054%, and content of soluble extract in ethanol is 26.164%. The ethanol extract of kembang bulan’s leaves has antibacterial activity. Antibacterial activity of ethanol extract of kembang bulan’s leaves which is satisfying on bacteria Staphylococcus aureus is at a concentration of 75 mg/ml with a diameter of inhibition 14.25 mm, on the bacteria Propionibacterium acnes and Pseudomonas aeruginosa at a concentration of 100 mg/ml with a diameter of inhibition 15.88 mm and 15.65 mm.