Karakteristik dan Cara Penularan Penderita HIV/AIDS yang Memanfaatkan Klinik Voluntary Counselling And Testing (VCT) Pusat Pelayanan Khusus (Pusyansus) RSUP H.Adam Malik Medan Tahun 2008

Abstract

HIV (Human Immuno Deficiency Virus) adalah virus yang menyerang sistem kekebalan tubuh manusia dan kemudian menimbulkan AIDS (Acquired Immuno Deficiency Syndrome). Data RSUP H. Adam Malik jumlah kunjungan ke klinik Voluntary Counselling and Testing (VCT) Pusyansus sejak tahun 2005 sampai dengan tahun 2008 cenderung meningkat jumlahnya. Data terakhir tahun 2008 jumlah kunjungan sebanyak 1029 orang dan pasien yang terinfeksi HIV/AIDS sebanyak 353 orang di antara 50 orang meninggal dunia. Tujuan penelitian adalah mengetahui karakteristik dan cara penularan penderita HIV/AIDS yang memanfaatkan klinik VCT Pusyansus RSUP H. Adam Malik Medan tahun 2008. Jenis penelitian adalah deskriptif. Data diperoleh dari data rekam medik di Kinik VCT Pusyansus RSUP H. Adam Malik tahun 2008. Sampel adalah seluruh penderita HIV/AIDS yang berkunjung ke Klinik VCT Pusyansus yang tercatat lengkap dengan kriteria penderita masih hidup sebanyak 273. Analisis data dilakukan secara deskriptif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sebagian besar penderita HIV/AIDS berumur 20-29 tahun sebanyak 142 penderita (52,0%), berjenis kelamin laki-laki 190 penderita (69,60%), latar belakang SMA sebanyak 228 penderita (83,5%), penderita yang bekerja sebanyak 181 penderita (66,3%), dan cara penularan melalui heteroseksual sebanyak 183 penderita (67,0%). Variabel umur dan cara penularan, jenis kelamin, pekerjaan, pendidikan, dan cara penularan penderita HIV/AIDS rendah memanfaatkan Klinik VCT Pusyansus RSUP H. Adam Malik Medan Tahun 2008. Variabel umur, jenis kelamin, status bekerja, dan cara penularan penderita HIV/AIDS melaksanakan kunjungan rendah, kecuali umur penderita 5-9 tahun dan ≥50 tahun serta latar belakang pendidikan tidak sekolah melaksanakan kunjungan tinggi. Diharapkan hasil penelitian dapat dijadikan sebagai bahan evaluasi dalam program penyuluhan bagi usia remaja dalam mencegah sedini mungkin penularan HIV/AIDS dan perlunya penelitian terhadap variabel-variabel lain terhadap pemanfaatan Klinik VCT Pusyansus, misalnya perilaku penderita dan model pelayanan VCT.

HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) is a virus attacking the human immune system and lead to AIDS (Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome). The data of total visitation in the Voluntary Counseling and Testing Clinic Adam Malik Central General Hospital Medan since 2005 until 2008 tended to increase. The last data in 2008 included 1029 visitors and 353 patients infected by HIV/AIDS and even 50 of them died. The objective of the study is to know the characteristics and transmission modes of the patients with HIV /AIDS utilized VCT clinic Adam Malik Central General Hospital Medan in 2008. The type of the study is a descriptive study. Data for this study covering the periode Januari to December 2008 were obtaine from the medical record of the VCT Clinic Adam Malik Central General Hospital Medan.A total of 273 people were diagnosed with HIV/AIDS and still alive during the periode under study. The results of the study indicated that majority of the patients with HIV/AIDS based on age 52.0% were in 20-29 years, based on sex status 69.6% were males, based on eduation background 83.5% from senior high school, based on work status 66.3% were worker and 67.0% transmitted by HIV/AIDS by heterosexual. The variables of age, sex, education background, occupation and transmission modes of the patients with HIV/AIDS found that they were lack of using the VCT Clinic Adam Malik Central General Hospital Medan in 2008. The variables of age, sex, occupational status and transmission of HIV/AIDS showed that the patients did not make a routine visitation unless of those aged 5-9 years and ≥ 50 years with the unschooled background did a routine visitation. It is expected that the results of the study may be used as substance to evaluation the counseling program for the adolescent age to prevent as early as possible the spreading of HIV/AIDS and it is important to study the other variables related to the use of VCT Clinic in next study, for example, behavior the patients and VCT service model.