Pola Asuh Dan Status Gizi Anak Usia 0-36 Bulan Di Desa Kutambaru Kecamatan Kutambaru Kabupaten Langkat Tahun 2010

Abstract

Parental nurturing pattern has significant impact on the life of children in their next time. One of the potential challenges includes the effect of nurturing pattern disoriented to the development of children. It usually occurs in under five years children. The objective of the study is to know the nurturing pattern and nutritional status of children aged 0-36 months at Kutambaru Village of Kutambaru Subregency of Langkat Regency. The type of the study is a descriptive using a cross sectional study. The population includes 127 persons and 56 were taken to be samples. The characteristic data of mothers (household income, maternal education rate, maternal occupation and the number of family members) and the nurturing pattern of children (feeding, practice of cleanliness and environmental sanitation and even healthcare of the children were collected by interview with the mothers. The body weight was taken by weighting children, whereas the body length was taken by measuring the body length. The collected data were then analyzed descriptively. The result of the study showed that the feeding was inadequate especially in those aged 0-6 months, whereas in the other group of age, the majority was adequate. Majority of the cleanliness practice was adequate, due to almost any group of age has been over 60%. The practice of environmental sanitation belonged to adequate, in which the lower rate of all the groups of age included 6-9 months (60.0%). The practice of infant healthcare has been adequate, especially within 6-9 months and 9-12 months of age reaching 100%. In general, the children have normal nutritional status based on weight for age, length for age, and weight for length. It is suggested to the local healthcare providers to more focus on counseling on the mothers with the children aged 0-6 months in order that their infants are only provided with the lactating. The counseling of immunization is also carried out by staying to take the children to the integrated service center to weight and counseling of the infant nurturing pattern especially in feeding and health practice that their nutritional status may be more improved.

Pola asuh orang tua mempunyai dampak besar pada kehidupan anak di kemudian hari. Salah satu penghambat potensi anak adalah pengaruh pola asuh yang tidak berorientasi pada perkembangan anak. Biasanya terjadi ketika anak di bawah lima tahun. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk mengetahui pola asuh dan status gizi anak usia 0-36 bulan di Desa Kutambaru Kecamatan Kutambaru Kabupaten Langkat. Jenis penelitian deskriptif dengan rancangan cross sectional study. Pengambilan sampel secara simple random sampling sebanyak 56 orang dari populasi 127 orang. Data karakteristik ibu (tingkat pendapatan keluarga, tingkat pendidikan ibu, pekerjaan ibu, dan jumlah anggota keluarga) dan pola asuh anak (pemberian makan anak, praktek kebersihan dan sanitasi lingkungan serta perawatan kesehatan anak) diperoleh melalui wawancara dengan ibu anak. Berat badan (BB) diperoleh dengan menimbang anak, panjang badan (PB) melalui pengukuran panjang badan. Data yang sudah dikumpulkan dianalisa secara deskriptif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa praktek pemberian makan kurang baik terutama pada usia 0-6 bulan, sementara pada kelompok usia lainnya sebagian besar baik. Praktek kebersihan anak sebagian besar baik, karena hampir setiap kelompok umur sudah di atas 60%. Praktek sanitasi lingkungan berada pada kategori baik, dimana paling rendah dari semua kelompok umur berada di usia 6-9 bulan (60,0%). Praktek perawatan anak sudah baik, terutama pada kelompok usia 6-9 bulan dan 9-12 bulan yang mencapai 100,0%. Pada umumnya anak memiliki status gizi normal berdasarkan indeks BB/U, PB/U dan BB/PB. Disarankan kepada petugas kesehatan setempat supaya lebih memfokuskan penyuluhan bagi ibu yang memiliki bayi usia 0-6 bulan supaya bayi hanya diberi ASI saja. Penyuluhan tentang immunisasi juga dilakukan agar tetap membawa anaknya ke posyandu untuk ditimbang serta penyuluhan tentang pola asuh anak terutama dalam hal praktek pemberian makan dan praktek kesehatan sehingga diharapkan status gizi anak dapat lebih baik lagi.