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Studi Keanekaragaman Pohon Pada Tiga Zona Ketinggian Hutan Pegunungan Gunung Sinabung Kabupaten Karo

Aththorick, T. Alief — Tue, 24 Aug 2010 00:00:00 GMT

Authors: Aththorick, T. Alief; Widhiastuti, Retno; Evanius , Ananta Abstract: A study on tree diversity in three zones Sinabung Mountain forest had been conducted using purposive sampling method. Zone I: Sub Mountain Forest (1450-1750) m above sea level (asl), zone II : Transition (1750-2050) m asl, and zone III : Mountain Forest (2050 – 2200) m asl. Plots size was settled 10 by 200 m ( 0,2 ha) for each zone. The result showed that in the whole zones there were 276 individual trees of 93 species of 33 families. Tree was dominated by Theaceae, Myrtaceae, Fagaceae, Rubiaceae, Ericaceae, and Lauraceae. Zone I had 84 individuals of 44 species of 16 families was dominated by Lithocarpus indutus. Zone II was dominated by Symingtonia populnea, had 119 individuals of 43 species of 23 families, while zone III was dominated by Gordonia imbricate had 73 individuals of 15 species of 9 families. Diversity indexes of location I, II and III were high relatively with values of 3.525, 3.312 and 2.148, respectively.

Kerusakan Tegakan Tinggal Akibat Pemanenan Kayu Konvensional dan Pemanenan Kayu Berdampak Rendah di Hutan Alam (Studi Kasus dI Areal Hph PT Suka Jaya Makmur, Kalimantan Barat)

Muhdi — Tue, 24 Aug 2010 00:00:00 GMT

Authors: Muhdi Abstract: The objectives of this research were to know residual stand damage and opened areas caused by conventional and reduced impact timber harvesting (RITH) in natural forest. This research show that the degree of residual stand damages based on tree population and stage of vegetation development in conventional timber harvesting and reduced impact timber harvesting was as follow : for seedlings 34.42 % and 23.17 %, for saplings 35.13 % and 21.72 %, for poles and trees 33.15 % and 19.53 %. The degree of opened caused by conventional timber harvesting was 32.47 % compared with reduced impact timber harvesting which is only 18.32 %. The research result indicated that that felling and skidding by reduced impact timber harvesting can diminish by up to 43 % the opened timberland otherwise caused by conventional timber harvesting.

Pembuatan 1,9 Nonanil Diglukosamida dari Reaksi 1,9 Nonanadiamina Dengan Asam Glukonat

Surbakti, Mariana Br — Tue, 24 Aug 2010 00:00:00 GMT

Authors: Surbakti, Mariana Br Advisors: Ginting, Mimpin; Sihotang, Herlince; Ginting, Keling Abstract: 1, 9 Nonanil diglucosamide, has been synthesized by amidation of gluconic acid with 1,9 nonane diamine with 58%. 1,9 Nonanil diglucosamide is a surfactant with HLB of 3,25.Each step of reaction cas characterized by spectroscopic FT-IR and 1 H NMR.

Dehidrasi Risinoleat Menjadi Linoleat yang Terdapat Dalam Minyak Jarak (Ricinus Communis L.) Menggunakan Molekular Shieve Secara Refluks Dalam Beberapa Pelarut Organik

Ginting, Mimpin — Tue, 24 Aug 2010 00:00:00 GMT

Authors: Ginting, Mimpin; Sihotang, Herlince; Ginting, Keling Advisors: Surbakti, Darwis; Sebayang, Abdi Suranta Abstract: Castrol oil can be isolated by extraction from kernel castrol using somes organic solvent. The isolation of castro oil socletation give percentage 49.90 % using 2-propanol as the solvent, 46.00 % using ethanol as the solven and 17.00% using n-hexana as the solvent. Ricinoleic has been found as triglyceride in castrol oil can be dehydrated by refluks using moleculer shieve i somes organic solvent to result linoleic as triglyceride. The product of dehydrated give rendement 82.58% usin ethanol as the solvent, 68.75% using diethyl eter as the solvent, 80.83% using petroleum eter as the solvent an 81.69% using n-hexana as the solvent. The analysis by iodine value give best product using petroleum eter as th solvent where before dehydrated is 85 and after dehydrated 120.4.5 The product of methenolysis of castrol oil and dehydratyed castrol oil is analyzed using FT-IR spectroscopy an GC-MS. Based on the analysis, we get 5-methyl ester fatty acid, which are methyl hexadecanoic 2.88% meth 9,10-octadecadienoic 7.09% methyl 9-octadecadienoic 10.60%, methyl octadecanoic 2.35%, and methyl 12 hydroxy 9-octadecadienoic 77.08%. For the dehydrated castrol oil we get 8 methyl ester fatty acid, which ar methyl hexadecanoic 2.99%, methyl 9.10-octadecadienoic 17.58%, methyl9-octadecadienoic 31.28%, meth octadecanoic 7.08%, methyl 9,10-octadecadienoic (trans) 13.02%, methyl 9-octadecadienoic (trans) 10.74% methyl 12-hydroxy 9-octadecadienoic 10.22% and another fatty acid 7.14%.

Sintesis N‐Benzoyl Glutamida Melalui Amidasi Benzoyl Klorida Dengan Asam Glutamat

Surbakti, Darwis — Tue, 24 Aug 2010 00:00:00 GMT

Authors: Surbakti, Darwis; Sebayang, Abdi Suranta Advisors: Muhdi; Sucipto, T; Widyanti, M Abstract: N-benzoyl glutamide compound can be prepared by amidation benzoyl chloride with glutamic acid. Synthesis the amide used acetone/water solvent system at pH=12.0 through strring condition at 0-10 C. The N-benzoy glutamide product yielded from synthesis reaction was then isolated from reaction mixture user ethyl acetate solvent at pH 2-3 continued with purification step by solvent evaporation, crystallization in diethyl ether solvent to give solid crystal with mp. 135-136OC. Spectra of FT-IR and 1H-NMR have confirmed that the reaction product was in good agreement with the proposed structure. The compound was then assigned the surface tension which was then converted into HLB value using Du-Nuoy ring method and it give the value 5.274.

Studi Produktivitas Penyaradan Kayu Dengan Menggunakan Traktor Komatsu D70 Le di Hutan Alam

Muhdi — Tue, 24 Aug 2010 00:00:00 GMT

Authors: Muhdi; Sucipto, T.; Widyanti, M. Abstract: Tujuan yang ingin dicapai dalam penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui produktivitas penyaradan kayu dengan traktor Komatsu D70 LE. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa produktivitas penyaradan kayu dengan menggunakan traktor D70 LE sebesar 19,92 m3/jam (di mana rata-rata jarak sarad, volume sarad, dan kemiringan lapangan masing-masing sebesar 368,01 m; 7,47 m3 and 20,02%). Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa pengaruh jarak sarad, volume sarad, dan kemiringan lapangan terhadap produktivitas penyaradan kayu dengan menggunakan traktor Komatsu D70 LE didapat persamaan regresi Y = 18,353 + 2,059 (X1) – 0,018 (X2) – 0,365 (X3). Abstract (other language): The objective of this research was to know the productivity skidding by tractor of Komatsu D70 LE. Result of this research indicate that the productivity skidding by tractor of Komatsu D70 LE was 19.92 m3 /jam (the average of skidding distance, log volume and topography were 368.01 m; 7.47 m3 and 20.02 % respectively). The research indicate that the effect of skidding distance, log volume and topography to the productivity of skidding by tractor of Komatsu D70 LE is found that the regression was Y = 18.353 + 2.059 (X1) – 0,018 (X2) – 0.365 (X3).

Prestasi Pahat Karbida Berlapis pada Operasi Frais Bebas Cemar Bahan Paduan Titanium

Ginting, Armansyah — Tue, 24 Aug 2010 00:00:00 GMT

Authors: Ginting, Armansyah Abstract: From a serial of machining trials that carried out in this study, it was obtained that carbide tool (WC+Co) coated with (TiC/TiAlN/TiN) by PVD method could be used to dry mill titanium alloy Ti-6Al-2Sn-4Zr-2Mo-0.08Si (Ti- 6242S) up to cutting speed (V) of 150 m/min, feeding (f) of 0.15 mm/tooth, axial depth-of-cut (aa) of 2 mm, and radial depth-of-cut (ar) of 8.8 mm. This cutting condition, in particular cutting speed, is 2.5 times higher than the common cutting speed used for cutting titanium alloys (60 m/min). Although under that cutting condition tool life was recorded as short as 1.70 minutes, but the round insert tool type used in this study could be indexed and thus, each insert had 5 cutting edges. As a result, the total tool life can be achieved by each insert tool is 8.5 minutes and this value is higher than the shortest tool life required for cutting of titanium alloys (5 minutes). The cutting conditions (cutting speed and feeding) and tool life are then formulated based on the Taylor model VTn =C dan fTn =C. The lower exponent value (n) in VTn =C model comparing to fTn =C model indicates that tool life is more effected by cutting speed than feeding.

Pengujian Ekstrak Etanol Sabut Kelapa (Cocos Nucifera Linn) Terhadap Bakteri Escherichia Coli dan Shigella Dysenteriae

Dalimunthe, Aminah — Tue, 24 Aug 2010 00:00:00 GMT

Authors: Dalimunthe, Aminah; Nainggolan, Marline Abstract: Extraction and test activity of anti bacteria from etanol extraction of Cocos nucifera Linn for bacteria Eschericia coli and Shigella dysenteriae has been done. Extraction of Cocos nucifera Linn has been treated by maserasi with etanol 80% as solvent. The extrac has been treated in some variant concentration and then tested to bacteria with chloramfenicol and amphisillin trihidrat as comparison by diffusion agar method of disc paper. The result of antibacterial test showed that extraction of Cocos nucifera Linn can inhibit the growth of Esherichia coli and Shigella dysenteriae in concentration 500 mg/ml up to 10 mg/ml. The minimum concentration of extrac Cocos nucifera Linn who can inhibit the both of bacteria were 7,2 and 7 mm, and the minimum concentration of Chloramfenicol for Escherichia coli was 10 mcg/ml with diameter 7,5 mm and minimum concentration of Amphisillin trihidrat for Shigella dysenteriae was 140 mcg/ml with diameter 7,2 mm.

Ekspresi Protein S‐100 di Jaringan Palatum Embrio Mencit (Mus Musculus L.)

Hutahaean , Salomo — Tue, 24 Aug 2010 00:00:00 GMT

Authors: Hutahaean , Salomo Advisors: Anizar; Hidayati, Juliza Abstract: Dalam penelitian ini dikaji pola ekspresi calcium binding protein S-100 di jaringan paltum embrio mencit sepanjang masa palatogenesis. Delapan ekor mencit (Mus musculus, L) bunting dipelihara pada kondisi eksperimental dan dikorbankan berturut-turut sejak hari ke-12 hingga hari ke-15 kebuntingan, kemudian diproses struktur craniofacial-nya melalui metode paraffin dan dibuat irisan penampang palatum (coronal section) setebal 6μ. Irisan-irisan yang diperoleh diproses secara imunohistokimia dan selanjutnya diamati dengan mikroskop cahaya untuk memperoleh gambaran pola eksperi protein S-100 secara spatiotemporal. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa, ekspresi protein S-100 terdapat di jaringan palatum embrio mencit selama proses palatogenesis berlangsung. Pada awal palatogenesis eksperi cenderung berderajat sedang dan terdistribusi merata di seluruh bagian palatum, ekspresi meningkat pada saat pertumbuhan horizontal bilah terutama di jaringan mesenkim dan cenderung tetap tinggi hingga pasca fusi dengan pola distribusi memusat di mesenkim sepanjang poros bilah. Pola spesifik ekspresi S-100 di palatum embrio mengindikasikan keterlibatannya dalam migrasi dan konsolidasi sel-sel mesenkim selama palatogenesis, kemungkinan melalui peran regulasinya terhadap ekspresi protein-protein mikrotubula dan protein kontraktil, yang sangat perlu untuk proses pertumbuhan horizontal bilah dan akhirnya proses penutupan langit-langit mulut. Protein S-100 kemungkinan memainkan peran penting dalam kejadian cacat bawaan langit-langit mulut bercelah (cleft palate), mengingat sebagian besar agensia penginduksi cleft palate yang telah dikenal memiliki aktivitas neurofarmaka yang melalui efek osilasi kalsium di jaringan dapat mengganggu keberadaan protein S-100 di palatum selama perkembangannya.

Pengaruh Perubahan Postur Kerja Terhadap Denyut Jantung Dalam Upaya Pengendalian Kelelahan Otot Statis Tenaga Kerja Wanita pada Industri Sikat Gigi di Kota Medan

Anizar — Tue, 24 Aug 2010 00:00:00 GMT

Authors: Anizar; Hidayati, Juliza Abstract: Penelitian yang dilakukan ini secara umum bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh perubahan postur kerja operator stasiun tufting dari postur kerja berdiri ke postur kerja duduk terhadap denyut jantung dan kelalahan otot statis tenaga kerja wanita. Pengamatan dilakukan terhadap operator tufting dengan postur kerja berdiri dan postur kerja duduk masing-masing selama 6 hari. Pengukuran kelelahan dilakukan pada hari ke-3 dan ke-6. Pengukuran kelelahan dilakukan dengan menggunakan peralatan kuesioner, heart pet dan whole body reaction tester pada pukul 08.00 WIB, 12.00 WIB dan 16.00 WIB. Dari pengolahan data dan pembahasan diperoleh kesimpulan bahwa perubahan postur kerja yang dilakukan mengakibatkan trjadinya penurunan kelelahan mencapai 11,24% (hasil kuessioner). Penggunaan heart pet diketahui bahwa setelah perubahan postur kerja, denyut jantung operator pada postur kerja berdiri rata-rata sebesar 114,36 sedang postur kerja duduk rata-rata 104,34. Penggunaan whole body reaction tester diketahui bahwa setelah perubahan postur kerja terjadi peningkatan waktu reaksi operator dari 0,98 menjadi 0,89.

Pembuatan Komposit dari Karung Plastik Bekas dan Polietilena Dengan Pelembut Heksan

Ginting, M. Hendra S. — Tue, 24 Aug 2010 00:00:00 GMT

Authors: Ginting, M. Hendra S. Abstract: Pembinaan komposit matriks polietilena dengan karung plastik bekas (serat polipropilena) dengan pelembut heksan menggunakan motode cetak tekan mengakibatkan peningkatan kekuatan tarik. Proses cetak tekan dilakukan dimana kondisi tekanan, suhu dan waktu yang optimal. Tujuan Penelitian ini adalah untuk mendapatkan informasi peningkatan kekuatan tarik polietilena dengan penguat komposit serat polipropilena. Dari hasil tekan komposit dianalisis Uji Tarik. Mikroskopi Elektron Payaran (SEM) hasil analisis diperoleh kekuatan tarik optimal sebasar 28,88 MPa.

Pemanfaatan Kayu Ki Acret (Spatholdea Campanulata Beauv) Sebagai Bahan Baku Pulp Kertas Melalui Uji Turunan Dimensi Serat

Azhari, Irawati — Tue, 24 Aug 2010 00:00:00 GMT

Authors: Azhari, Irawati ; Hartono, Rudi Abstract: The aim of these research are to know the score of fiber dimention of Ki Acret Wood (Spatholdea campanulata Beauv) and possibility of usage Ki Acret wood as raw material for pulp and paper, on the best to his fiber dimention generation. Making of slide maseration with method Forest Product Laboratory, USA. Measuring are fibre length, fibre diameter, lumen diameter, and thick of wall. From these fiber dimention are searched some fibre generation values, such as runkell ratio, felting power/slenderness, muhlsteph ratio, coeffisien of rigidity and flaxibility ratio. The result of these research show that Ki Acret wood arranged of fiber cells with mean of fibre length 608,84 цm, fiber diameter 13,36 цm, lumen diameter 10 цm dan thick wall 83 цm, runkell ratio 0,39, muhlsteph ratio 43,65, daya tenun 45,85, Coefficien of rigidity 0,26 dan fleksibility ratio 0,74. From these parameters, fiber qualitaty of Indonesia wood as use as raw material for pulp and paper is obtained 250. According to this criteria, Ki Acet wood including Second class with range 225 - 449.

Sintesis Kitosan Sulfat Sebagai Zat Anti Pembekuan Darah

Kaban, Jamaran — Tue, 24 Aug 2010 00:00:00 GMT

Authors: Kaban, Jamaran ; Daniel Abstract: Synthesis of chitosan sulphates has been held with sulphonation of chitosan with chlorosulphonic acid in N,N- Dimethylformamide at room temperature, potentially this compound can be used as blood anticoagulant. Product of the reaction was confirmed using FT-IR spectroscopy and SEM of chitosan-N-sulphates and chitosan-O- sulphates.

Analisis Stres Air Terhadap Pertumbuhan Bibit Karet Unggul (Hevea Brasiliensis Muell. Arg) (Water Stress Analysis on the Growth of the Excellent Rubber Varieties)

Charloq — Tue, 24 Aug 2010 00:00:00 GMT

Authors: Charloq; Setiado, Hot Abstract: The research was conducted at the Seed Technology Laboratory. Faculty of Agriculture, North Sumatera University Medan, since May 2005 to August 2005. The aim of the research was to know the change of growth and water status of the seedling of clone PB 260 and RRIM 712 on the water stress condition. Randomized Block Design was used with 2 factors (water stress condition and clone) and 5 replications. Result showed that the water stress condition significantly affected the leaf water potential, osmotic pressure, turgid pressure, relative leaf water content, root volume, fresh weight of root, dry weight of root.

Kultur Embrio Sebagai Embryo Resque pada Tanaman Kedelai (Glycine Max L. Merril) (Embryo Culture as the Embryo Rescue for Soybean [Glycine Max L. Merril])

Ilyas, Syafrudin — Tue, 24 Aug 2010 00:00:00 GMT

Authors: Ilyas, Syafrudin Abstract: The research was conducted at the Research and Technology Laboratory. Faculty of Agriculture, North Sumatera University Medan, from June 2005 to September 2005. The aim of the research was to know the effect of plant growth regulator auxin and cytokinin on the soybean embryo culture as the embryo rescue. Completely Randomize Design was used with 2 factors (variety and plant growth regulator). Result showed that the variety and plant growth regulator affected: shoot length, number of leaves, number of root, root length, root volume, time of callus produced, callus weight.

Amobilisasi Enzim Penisilin Asilase dari E. Coli B1O4 Dengan Poliakrilamida

Sebayang, Firman — Sat, 21 Aug 2010 00:00:00 GMT

Authors: Sebayang, Firman Abstract: Penisilin asilase adalah merupakan enzim yang mengkatalisis reaksi hidrolisis benzil penisilin menjadi asam 6-amino penisilanat (6-APA) dan asam fenil asetat. Isolasi enzim penisilin asilase menggunakan bakteri. E.coli B1O4 sebagai sumber enzim intraseluler. E.coli B1O4 ditumbuhkan dalam medium fermentasi menurut formula morita dan iwata dengan asam fenil asetat 0,2% sebagai induser. Sel dipecah dengan ultrasonikator pada suhu 4 o C. Ekstrak enzim dipisahkan dengan sentrifuga dan diikuti dengan pengendapan enzim dengan menggunakan ammonium sulfat. Aktivitas enzim ditentukan berdasarkan jumlah 6-APA yang dihasilkan dari hidrolisis substrat benzil penisilin. 6-APA ditentukan berdasarkan metodekornfeld. Kadar protein ditentukan dengan metodelowry. Aktivitas spesifik ekstrak kasar enzim adalah 0,65 unit/mg protein dan setelah pemurnian dengan amonium sulfat 20-60% aktivitas spesifik enzim meningkat menjadi 2,85 unit/mg protein pada kondisi optimum pH 7,5 suhu 45 O C dengan lama inkubasi 30 menit. Amobilisasi enzim penisilin asilase dilakukan dengan menggunakan bahan pendukung poliakrilamida. Aktivitas spesifik enzim amobil adalah 2,70 unit/mg protein pada kondisi pH 7,5 dan suhu 45 o C dengan lama inkubasi 30 menit. Bila dibandingkan aktivitas spesifik enzim penisilin asilase bebas dengan enzim amobil terjadi penurunan aktivitas spesifik setelah diamobilisasi, namun demikian enzim penisilin asilase amobil lebih menguntungkan karena dapat digunakan secara berulang.

Produksi Kacang Tanah dan Beberapa Sifat Fisika Tanah Akibat Pemadatan Tanah Ultisol

Lubis, Kemala Sari — Sat, 21 Aug 2010 00:00:00 GMT

Authors: Lubis, Kemala Sari ; Muchlis ; Wijaya , Suhendra Abstract: The green house research was conducted to study peanut product and characteristics soil physic at Ultisol in Medan. The randomized complete block non factorial design was used with five (5) level compactions. The level compactions were So (0.90 g/cm3 ), S1 (0.96 g/cm3 ), S2 (1.02 g/cm3 ), S3 (1.08 g/cm3 ), dan S4 (1.14 g/cm3 ) and four (4) replications. There were two (2) units in this research, one for vegetative stage and other for generative stage. Each unit divided into 20 polybag. The result showed that root and canopy weight decreased with increasing of soil compaction although non significantly effect. The peanut grain weight increased with increasing of soil compaction significantly. Soil permeability was increased at vegetative stage with increasing of soil compaction. Soil positive was decreased at vegetative stage with increasing of soil compaction.

Pembuatan Senyawa Maltosil Miristat Melalui Reaksi Asetilasi Terhadap Maltosa yang Diikuti Reaksi Interesterifikasi Dengan Metil Miristat yang Berfungsi Sebagai Surfaktan

Daniel — Sat, 21 Aug 2010 00:00:00 GMT

Authors: Daniel Abstract: Maltose has been partially acetylated from the reaction of melted maltose and acetic anhydride without solvent and catalyst to produce maltocyl acetate with the yield of 60%. Myristic acid can be methanolized by using H2SO4 as the catalyst to produce methyl myristate with the yield of 90%. The interesterification of methyl myristate and maltocyl acetate in methanol using sodium methoxyde as the catalyst at reflux, yielded a novel compound matocyl myristate after isolated by column chromatography, with the yield of 53%. Methyl myristate, maltocyl acetate and maltocyl myristate were confirmed by FT-IR and 1 H-NMR spectroscopy, and the surface tension of maltocyl myristate solution was determined by Du-Nuoy tensiometer to obtain the HLB value, of 2.52.

Komposisi Tegakan Sebelum dan Sesudah Pemanenan Kayu di Hutan Alam

Muhdi — Sat, 21 Aug 2010 00:00:00 GMT

Authors: Muhdi Abstract: A research was done at natural tropical forest in forest concession of PT Suka Jaya Makmur, West Kalimantan. The objective of the study is to know the composition of forest stand before and after timber harvesting in natural forest. Result of research indicated that the amount of type compiling before and after conventional forest harvesting is as same as reduced impact timber harvesting (RITH). The types of plant that most found of important value index (INP) before timber cutting was terentang (Compnospera spp), red meranti (Shorea spp), medang (Litsea spp), mayau (Shorea palembanicca Mig.) and ubar (Eugenia spp.). The types of plant that most found of important value index (INP) after timber cutting was ubar (Eugenia spp), medang Litsea spp) and red meranti (Shorea spp).

Proses Penghilangan Tinta pada Kertas Bekas

Sarah , Maya — Sat, 21 Aug 2010 00:00:00 GMT

Authors: Sarah , Maya Advisors: Nuryawan, Arif Abstract: Proses penghilangan tinta pada dasarnya merupakan proses pencucian kertas bekas di mana tinta, dianggap sebagai kotoran. Kinerja proses penghilangan tinta dari kertas bekas dipengaruhi oleh beberapa faktor antara lain adalah kadar air, kadar abu, kadar ∝-selulosa, kadar β-γ selulosa dan yield pulp. Kadar ∝-selulosa dan β- γ-selulosa secara umum menunjukkan kecenderungan yang menurun dengan semakin meningkatnya konsentrasi deterjen dan waktu penyabunan. Sementara itu kadar air, yield dan kadar abu memberikan respons yang sangat berfluktuasi dengan adanya peningkatan konsentrasi deterjen dan waktu penyabunan. Ditinjau dari konsentrasi deterjen dan waktu penyabunan, maka kinerja penghilangan tinta lebih baik dilakukan pada konsentrasi deterjen 20% dan 50%. Bila ditinjau dari segi kandungan ∝-selulosa dan waktu penyabunan, maka penghilangan tinta baik dilakukan selama 10 menit karena mendapatkan kadar selulosa yang tinggi sebesar 32,6-41%.

Sistem Pakar Untuk Kayu Sebagai Bahan Konstruksi (Expert System for Wood as Construction Materials)

Nuryawan , Arif — Sat, 21 Aug 2010 00:00:00 GMT

Authors: Nuryawan , Arif Advisors: Sebayang, Firman Abstract: This research was concerned to apply software to make an expert system to determine construction wood quality more easily, more quickly, and cheaper. Expert system was made by determined the indicators of wood strength and wood durability from the parameters which derived from expert knowledge and literatures. Matlab version 6.5.1 with Fuzzy facility was used as the software. The experts who choice for the knowledge were lecturers from Forest Product Technology Department The University of North Sumatra who have Wood Engineering (Forest Product Technology) educational background. The results were inferential network to get wood strength properties and wood durability properties. The parameters of the strength properties were knots diameter, slope of grain, and specific gravity. The parameters of durability of wood properties were time of life used, insects attack organism (termite, beetle, or powder post beetles), and fungus attack. This research should follow up in determining of the expert criteria’s more strictly and correction factor to improvement and evaluation this expert systems.

Pengaruh Penyaradan Kayu Dengan Traktor Caterpillar D7g Terhadap Porositas Tanah di Hutan Alam (the Effect of Skidding by Tractor Caterpillar D7g to Soil Porosity in Natural Forest )

Muhdi — Sat, 21 Aug 2010 00:00:00 GMT

Authors: Muhdi ; Hanafiah , Diana Sofia Abstract: The objective of this research was to know the degree of soil porosity caused by skidding of tractor caterpillar D7G in natural forest. The research showed that the soil porosity at conventional timber harvesting after skidding of deepness 0-5 cm, 10-15 cm and 25-30 cm was 59.8%; 59.9% dan 56.3% respectively. The bulk density at reduced impact timber harvesting after skidding of deepness 0-5 cm, 10-15 cm and 25-30 cm was 66.5 %; 63.4% dan 59.2%. respectively. This research indicated that the soil porosity at RITH was higher than conventional timber harvesting.

Pemanfaatan Asap Buangan Tungku Arang Menjadi Asam Cuka Kayu dan Kontribusinya Terhadap Pendapatan Pengusaha Arang Rakyat (the Utilization of Disposal Smoke of Charcoal Kiln as Wood Vinegar and its Contribution to Income of Charcoal Industrialist)

Usman, Syammaun — Sat, 21 Aug 2010 00:00:00 GMT

Authors: Usman, Syammaun; Purwoko, Agus Abstract: Untill now, smoke from charcoal industry has been disposed and become a source of air polution. The reserch was aimed to implement the processing tecnology of dosposal gas of charcoal kiln to become wood vinegar by simple dry destilation technique, to find out the economical feasibility and to examine the contribution level of wood vinegar production to charcoal industrialist. A basic technique applied was a dry destilation technique. The research showed that the processing technology of disposal gas of charcoal kiln with simple dry destilation technique in producing wood vinegar as side product was succesfully applied in wood charcoal industry. In this research, a charcoal kiln with the capacity 5-6 m3 can produce 500 liters of wood vinegar. With the selling prize of 500 rupiahs per liter, an additional income of 250.000 rupiahs per kiln was obtained by the indrustrialist in one rotation. This additional income has reached more than 30 % of their income from wood charcoal industry. It is recomended to increase the application of this simple technology, to develop a partnership in product marketing, and the implementation of processing technology of wood vinegar as higher economical value product.So, the income of charcoal indrustrialist can be improved significantly.

Identifikasi Tumbuhan Sumber Pangan, Obat‐Obatan dan Biopestisida Serta Tingkat Pemanfaatannya di Suaka Margasatwa Karang Gading dan Langkat Timur Laut (The Identification of Food, Medicinal and Biopesticide Plants and the Utilization Level in Karang Gading and Langkat Timur Laut Wildlife Reserve)

Purwoko , Agus — Sat, 21 Aug 2010 00:00:00 GMT

Authors: Purwoko , Agus Abstract: This research was conducted mainly to identify potential vegetation species as source of food, medicine and biopesticide, to examine actual utilization forms performed by people and to develop data base for further study and utilization. Based on a flora inventory, the wildlife reserve consist of 18 species of flora, 16 of mangrove species were identified to be potential as source of food, medicine and biopesticide, but only 9 species was recognize by people; Avicennia marina, Avicennia alba,Avicennia officinalis, Excoecaria agallocha, Rhizophora apiculata, Sonneratia caseolaris, Sonneratia alba, Xylocarpus moluccensis dan Nypa fruticans, and only 7 species has been utilized occasionally (3 species) and frequently (4 species).From recognized and utilized species, only 3 of them become infrequently utilized. Untill now, only 3 species is still utilized, although not frequently. In generale, biopesticide potency has not been utilized yet, such as in Bruguiera gymnorrhiza, Bruguiera sexangula and Rhizopora mucronata.

Pengaruh Pupuk Organik Kascing dan Inokulan Cendawan Mikoriza Arbuskula Terhadap Pertumbuhan Kelapa Sawit (Elaeis Guineensis Jaqq) pada Pembibitan Pre Nursery Serta Phospor Tersedia Dalam Tanah

Nainggolan , Tiurmaida — Sat, 21 Aug 2010 00:00:00 GMT

Authors: Nainggolan , Tiurmaida; Samah, Eri Abstract: This research aim to obtain a best combination of kascing fertilizer dosage utilization and mushroom inoculant of Mikoriza Arbuskula (CMA) for the growing of oil palm seed in pre nursey. Pot experiment was held in a half image wire house, Agricultural Faculty of Andalas University since February 2001 until July 2001. This experiment use Complete Random Sampling by seven treatment combination and three repetition. The results of research indicates that the utilization of kascing fertilizer package and CMA incoulant willincrease the growing parameters, such as : 1) The height, weight of seed, dry weight of crown, the number of roots, percentage of infected roots, total available P nutrient in the soil and P nutrient in oil palm seed; 2) The decreasing of crown / root ratio of the utililization of kascing fertilizer and CMA inoculant that caused by the increasing of crown dry weight that less than increasing of dry weight of root. In order to increase the growing of oil palm seed in pre-nursey, combination of 2,5 g kascing fertilizer and 10,0 g CMA inoculant is needed.

Stabilisasi Tanah‐Semen dan Tanah‐Kapur Dengan Variasi Indeks Plastisitas

Shalahuddin , Muhammad — Sat, 21 Aug 2010 00:00:00 GMT

Authors: Shalahuddin , Muhammad Abstract: Cement and lime are stabilizer agents used for layer foundation of road construction. The problem are cement or lime give increase the more strength to soil with particular index plasticity. Aim this research is analysis soil blend with cement or lime 6 % and 9 % content to the product of standard proctor, unconfined compressive strength with variation of index plasticity. The tests are made at 3 type of soil with PI 9,60 %;22,05 % and 35,43 %. The result of the tests were indicated that the increasing cement content would decreasing OMC and increasing MDD of soil and its UCS, conversely the increasing lime content would increasing OMC and decreasing MDD but increasing its UCS.

Kajian Ekologi Hutan Pantai di Suaka Margasatwa Pulau Rambut, Teluk Jakarta (Ecological Studies on Littoral Forest in Pulau Rambut Wildlife Reserve, Jakarta Bay)

Onrizal — Sat, 21 Aug 2010 00:00:00 GMT

Authors: Onrizal; Kusmana, Cecep Abstract: Ecological studies on littoral forest in Pulau Rambut Wildlife Reserve have been carried out with transect method from October to November 2002. This study would be covered on species composition, forest structure, and bird habitat. The result from three plots recorded the totally species number as 22 tree species. The dominant species in each growth stage were Dysoxylum amooroides in tree stage and Morinda citrifolia in sapling and seedling stage. Tree density is exponentially decreased from trees with small diameter to trees with big diameter. Some trees in littoral forest were in nesting and resting place by some bird.

Perbandingan Alokasi Waktu Tenaga Kerja Wanita dan Pria Dalam Usaha Penggemukkan Sapi di Kecamatan Hamparan Perak Kabupaten deli Serdang (Comparative of Woman and Man Worker Time Allocation in Fattening of Cattle in Subdistrict of Hamparan Perak District of Deli Serdang)

Saleh , Eniza — Sat, 21 Aug 2010 00:00:00 GMT

Authors: Saleh , Eniza ; Yunilas Abstract: The research was conducted in Subdistrict of Hamparan Perak, District of Deli Serdang in June 2004. This research was aimed to know the magnitude of woman worker time allocation and whether there is the difference in time allocation of men and women workers in fattening of cattle in Subdistrict of Hamparan Perak. The method of research used was survey method by unit of family analysis who keep the cattles. The result of research indicated that time allocation of woman workers in fattening the cattle was 0.42 hour/day and men workers was 2.29 hour/day. From the t-test , it was gained that allocation of women workers time was different significantly or very significant lower than that of men workers (2.29 hour/day). The low allocation of woman worker time allocation in this cattle keeping was caused by the less need of women in activities requiring time such as feeding the livestock, bathing them and cleaning the cages, abd the greatest allocation was in taking of greening generally practised by men workers.

Analisis Pola Asuh Makan dan Status Gizi pada Bayi di Kelurahan PB Selayang Medan

Ashar, Taufik — Sat, 21 Aug 2010 00:00:00 GMT

Authors: Ashar, Taufik; Lubis, Zulhaida; Aritonang, Evawany Abstract: Inadequate food consumption is one of the causes under nutrition in infant. This research aim to: 1) knowing breastfeeding pattern to the infant (giving ASI in first time, frequency and length time in giving ASI one day), 2) knowing complementary feeding (MPASI) pattern to the infant (giving MPASI in first time, type and frequency MPASI in one day), and 3) knowing infant nutritional status. This research has been done in PB Selayang II Sub District Medan city. Desain of this study is cross sectional study in 100 infant samples. Data consists of infant characteristic, ASI and MPASI pattern, and infant nutritional status that collected by interview with food recall and food frequency methods. Infant nutritional status analysis used of infant weight and height measurement. This research showed that there is no one infant that have Early Nursing Initiation (IMD), no infant that have frequency with on demand way i.e 10% in infant with 0-6 month and 20% in infant with 7-12 month, 80% infant are nursing in ≥ 15 minutes and 20% infant are nursing in < 15 minutes, only 1% infant that have Exclusive Breastfeeding. Another conclusion is that 10% neonates that have MPASI. Type of MPASI that high consumption is non commercial food, 5% infant have under nutrition and 75% infant have normal nutritional status based on the measurement of weight body. This research recommends that mother need to increase their awareness and their knowledge about exclusive breastfeeding and complementary feeding (MPASI) rightly in time and type.

Estimasi Teoretis Perolehan Bioetanol dari Hidrolisis Tandan Kosong Kelapa Sawit (TKS) Menggunakan Asam Encer

Sarah, Maya — Sat, 21 Aug 2010 00:00:00 GMT

Authors: Sarah, Maya; Misran, Erni; Syamsiah, Siti; Millati, Ria Abstract: As one of the biggest producer of palm oil in the world, Indonesia should consider the impact of Palm Oil Mill (POM) activity to the environment. Palm Oil’s Empty Fruit Bunch (PEFB) is solid waste that is disposed by POM while producing CPO. PEFB’s compound consist of cellulose (45.95%), hemicelluloses (22.84%), lignins (16.49%), ash (1.23%), nitrogen (0.53%) and oil (2.41%). Those cellulose fraction shows the potency of PEFB as non food raw material of bioethanol production. Bioethanol from PEFB was produce through two stage hydrolysis process utilizing sulfuric acid with concentration of 0.5%, each processes occurs at 160oC and 190oC. Those hydrolysis followed by fermentation of glucose using yeast Saccharomyces cereviciae to produce bioethanol.From theoretical estimation, it is expected that 1 g glucose will produce 0.51 g bioethanol. Meanwhile, laboratory experiment informed different performance. Fermentation of hydrolysate from both proceess for 24 hour produced higher bioethanol yield compare with theoretical estimation. Bioethanol produced from fermentation of each hydrolysate was quite the same of concentration and ethanol yield. Bioethanol concentration of each fermentation was 25 g/l with ethanol yield of 0.15 g/g PEFB or for over all process, 1 kg PEFB will yield of 300 g bioethanol respectively. It is very promising in the future to overcome the problem of energy crisis in Indonesia since palm oil tree as renewable natural resources are available from many plantation.

Pembuatan Komposit Termoplastik Berdasarkan Serat Kelapa Sawit Dengan Kaedah Prapreg

Maulida — Sat, 21 Aug 2010 00:00:00 GMT

Authors: Maulida Abstract: The aim of this project to expand the prepreg concept to non non-continuous based fibers, especially agriculture waste and other waste materials like as palm fiber, newspaper fiber and rice husk fiber. Akrylonytrille butadiene styrene (ABS) is used as the matrix, meanwhile methyl ethyl cetone (MEK) acts as the solvent. The scope of the study on the resin mixing technique with known amount with ratio 1 : 1. The resin mixing technique with known amount (method B) produces prepregs with varying properties depending on the resin to fiber’s ratio. On this project ratio is 1 : 1. the prepreg concept was clearly shown applicable to different resin such as polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) and polystyrene (PS). Both the prepregs and composite are found as expected to be dependent on the ratio. Also it was found that the prepreg concept applies to different variety of lignocellulosic fibers such as newspaper fiber, rice husk fiber act. Palm fiber is a strong fiber compare newspaper fiber and rice husk fiber nad shown from mechanical properties such as tensile and flexural strength.

Evaluasi Cakupan Imunisasi Hepatitis B pada Bayi Usia 12 – 24 Bulan di Kabupaten Asahan Propinsi Sumatera Utara

Harahap, Juliandi — Sat, 21 Aug 2010 00:00:00 GMT

Authors: Harahap, Juliandi Abstract: Indonesia has been categorized as a country with high endemicity of chronic hepatitis B infection, where HbsAg prevalence rate is more than 8%. The incidence of hepatitis B tends to be increase year by year. Hepatitis B immunization plays important role to prevent this infection especially in babies and children under five years. Infection to these groups will cause chronic infection, and in the future may develop as cirrhosis hepatic and liver cancer. People with chronic hepatitis B can spread the infection to the others. Therefore, it is important to conduct an evaluative study to identify the coverage of immunization based on immunization program that has been done. A cross sectional study was conducted in Asahan District, where samples were children aged 12 -24 years taken by cluster sampling technique. The result showed that only 58% children who had complete hepatitis B immunization coverage. The completeness of three doses immunization will give protection over 95% against infection of hepatitis B. The coverage of immunization by serial was relatively high, 65%, 95% and 90% consecutively for HB1, HB2, and HB3. The level of knowledge of mothers about immunization and hepatitis B infection still remain low. To increase the immunization of hepatitis B, health provider and cadre should be more active to promote hepatitis B immunization.

Pengaruh Pengisi CaCO3 dan Temperatur Vulkanisasi Terhadap Sifat-Sifat Mekanikal Film Latex Karet

Harahap, Hamidah — Sat, 21 Aug 2010 00:00:00 GMT

Authors: Harahap, Hamidah Abstract: Dispersed calcium carbonate filler on mechanical properties of natural rubber latex films were investigated. Natural Rubber latex film Preparation of natural rubber (NR) latex films by dipping cleaned formers into latex compound containing curatives and filler. Latex formulation as Sulfur, ZDEC, ZnO and calcium carbonate filler was add to pre-vulcanized latex compound. The resulting films were dried at 100 ºC and drying time 10 minutes. The effect of filler content on modulus, tensile strength and elongation at break was investigated.

Analisis Kadar Hemoglobin Darah pada Buruh Wanita di Perusahaan Makanan Beku (Cold Storage) PT X Belawan

Lubis, Halinda Sari — Sat, 21 Aug 2010 00:00:00 GMT

Authors: Lubis, Halinda Sari; Aritonang, Evawany Abstract: Iron deficiency anemia is a problem under nutrition in Indonesia and woman laborer are community that have high risk to that deficiency because low iron consumption in their food everyday. Many researches proved that anemia in woman laborer have low productivity than in non anemia laborer. This research aim to analysis hemoglobin blood level to 40 woman laborer in food cold storage company in Belawan with cross sectional study. Data consists of: laborer characteristic (age, and income), and anemia status that analysis in descriptive. Analysis of anemia status has been done with take vena blood by laboratory analyst and analysis of HB level with cyanmethemoglobin method in Local Health Laboratory, Health Department in Medan. This research showed that 57% woman laborer have normal nutritional status (IMT: 18-25); 25% have under nutrition (IMT: < 18); 12.5% have over nutrition (IMT: 25-27); and 5% in obese (IMT: > 27). Beside that 42.5% woman laborer in anemia condition (Hb level < 12 gr/dl) and 57.5% did not have anemia (Hb level ≥ 12 gr/dl). This research recommend to the company to give extra food to their laborers regularly in order to increase their energy and iron consumption. It will be hope to prevent anemia that could be reduce productivity. Another recommendation from this survey is to do analysis (measurement) Hb level regularly so that will be suggestion to take curative action and preventive action in anemia to the woman laborers.

Modifikasi Bahan Elastomer Termoplastik Polipropilena/Karet Alam (PP/NR) Dengan Proses Pemvulkanisasian Dinamik

Halimatuddahliana — Sat, 21 Aug 2010 00:00:00 GMT

Authors: Halimatuddahliana; Surya, Indra; Maulida Abstract: Dynamic vulcanization process has been investigated to produce the thermoplastic elastomer that is polypropylene (PP) and natural rubber (NR) blend. The systems were prepared in rubber dominant with the ratio of PP/NR 30/70 (w/w). Dycumil peroxide (DCP), and N,N-m-phenylenebismaleimide (HVA-2) were chosen as crosslink agent with the concentrations of 1 phPP and 3 phr respectively. The combination of DCP (1 phPP) vulcanization with HVA-2 (3 phr) were also conducted during dynamic vulcanization process of PP/NR blend. Dynamic vulcanization process was done in an internal mixer at temperature of 180 oC and rotor speed of 50 rpm. The blends were then compressed in compression molding. The effects of crosslink agents on the properties of PP/NR blends viz. tensile properties, oil resistance, degree of crosslinking, and ageing properties were analyzed. Results showed that the consumption of combination DCP and HVA-2 have produce PP/NR blend with better properties as compared to the blend using DCP and HVA-2 alone. These cases were supported by the increase of the tensile strength, oil resistance and degree of crosslink. Here, the presence of HVA-2 together with DCP has been optimized the formation of crosslink and subsequently reduced the chain scission reaction which is often experienced on PP during dynamic vulcanization process with DCP.

Pelapisan Lilin Lebah Untuk Mempertahankan Mutu Buah Selama Penyimpanan

Suhaidi, Ismed — Sat, 21 Aug 2010 00:00:00 GMT

Authors: Suhaidi, Ismed Abstract: An experiment to study the effect of beeswax coating on the quality of fruits during their storage at room temperatur was conducted in Biochemistry Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, USU, Medan. Beeswax coating were applied in 5 concentrations, i.e: 0%, 2%, 4%, 6%, and 8%. The fruits wich coated by beeswax coating were banana, orange, and salak. The quality components observed were weight loss, vitamin C, and soluble solid. The result showed that beeswax coating had significant effect in the quality of banana, orange, and salak. It could be concluded that in order to preserve the quality of banana during their storage at room temperature, the recommeaded treatment is coated with beeswax in 4% concentration, while for orange and salak in 6% concentration.

Komposisi Jenis Semai dan Pancang di Hutan Alam Tropika Sebelum dan Sesudah Pemanenan Kayu

Sofia, Diana — Sat, 21 Aug 2010 00:00:00 GMT

Authors: Sofia, Diana; Riswan Abstract: A research was done at natural tropical forest in forest concession of PT Suka Jaya Makmur, Ketapang on 2000. There were three plots that put as randoms at landing, middle skiddtrail and tips of skidtrail has 100 m2, respectivly. The objective of the study is to know the composition of forest stand damages before and after timber harvesting in natural forest. The aims of the research was to know the forest stand composition of seed and poles before and after timber harvesting in natural forest. Result of research ishowed that the amount of type compiling before is as same as after forest harvesting. The types of plant that most found of important value index (INP) before timber cutting was teratung (Compnospera sp), red meranti (Shorea leprosula Miq), medang (Litsea firma (Blume) Hook f), mayau (Shorea palembanica Mig.) and ubar (Eugenia sp Lour.). The types of plant that most found of important value index (INP) after timber cutting was ubar (Eugenia sp Lour), medang (Litsea firma (Blume) Hook f) and red meranti (Shorea leprosula Miq). The research indicated that the species composition in natural ftropical forest was differeneces before and after forest harvesting.

Pengembangan Tanaman Jarak Pagar (Jatropha Curcas L.) Sebagai Sumber Bahan Bakar Alternatif

Charloq — Sat, 21 Aug 2010 00:00:00 GMT

Authors: Charloq Abstract: The experiment was conducted at the area Faculty of Agriculture, North Sumatera University, Medan from Maret 2007 to July 2007. The objective of the experiment was to evaluate the effect of cutting type and the concentration of Rapid Root on the vegetative propagation of the jatropha plant. The Randomized Block Design was used with two factors (cutting type and Rapid Root concentration). The parameters observed were: the time of shoot proliferate, the percentage of shoot proliferated cutting, the of shoot, the number of leaves, the diameter of shoot, the length of root, the number of root, the volume of root, the fresh weight of shoot. The results showed that the type of cutting type significantly affected the length of shoot, the number of leaves, the diameter of stem, the number of root, the volume of root, the fresh weight of shoot. The interaction between the cutting type and the concentration of Rapid Root significantly affected the percentage of shoot proliferated cutting.

Distribusi Freycinetia Spp. di Sumatera Utara

Aththorick, T. Alief — Sat, 21 Aug 2010 00:00:00 GMT

Authors: Aththorick, T. Alief; Siregar, Etti Sartina; A. Widjaja, Elizabeth Abstract: Jenis-jenis Freycinetia di Sumatera Utara telah dieksplorasi dan diinventarisasi sejak bulan Maret 2006 sampai Oktober 2007 pada empat belas lokasi yang tersebar di Propinsi Sumatera Utara. Spesimen Freycinetia yang dikoleksi dilakukan studi morfologi, anatomi dan studi herbarium. Untuk melihat kekerabatan morfologi antar jenis Freycinetia dilakukan analisis phenogram dengan menggunakan software NTSYS versi 2.0. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian diketahui bahwa Sumatera Utara memiliki 6 jenis Freycinetia yaitu F. sumatrana, F. angustifolia, F. confusa, F. javanica dan F. imbricata. Dua lokasi memiliki jumlah jenis tertinggi yaitu Tangkahan 5 jenis dan Taman Nasional Batang Gadis 4 jenis. Berdasarkan distribusinya F. sumatrana merupakan jenis yang paling umum dan terdapat pada semua lokasi penelitian. Hasil penelitian juga menunjukkan terdapat kecenderungan sifat endemisme pada jenis F. kamiana. Jenis ini memiliki distribusi yang sangat terbatas karena hanya ditemukan pada daerah Tangkahan. Hasil analisis Phenogram memperlihatkan adanya dua kelompok kesamaaan taksonomi dan satu jenis pencilan pada Freycinetia Sumatera Utara. Kelompok I terdiri dari F. javanica, F. imbricata dan F. confusa sedangkan kelompok II terdiri dari F. angustifolia dan F. sumatrana. Jenis pencilan merupakan jenis yang tidak berkelompok dengan jenis lainnya tetapi berdiri sendiri, jenis ini adalah F. kamiana. Ciri yang membedakan jenis ini dengan jenis lainnya adalah ujung daunnya yang berbentuk aristate.

Peningkatan Apoptosis Sel Germinal Setelah Penyuntikan Androgen/Progestin dan Hubungannya Dengan Penurunan Konsentrasi Spermatozoa

Ilyas, Syafruddin — Sat, 21 Aug 2010 00:00:00 GMT

Authors: Ilyas, Syafruddin; Nursal Abstract: Telah dilakukan penelitian pemberian hormon androgen/progestin pada tikus Sprague Dawley untuk melihat adanya penurunan konsentrasi spermatozoa melalui peristiwa apoptosis pada sel germinal. Metode eksperimen dan rancangan acak lengkap dengan 3 perlakuan dan 5 ulangan. Perlakuan terdiri dari praperlakuan (minggu -4 sampai 0), penekanan (minggu ke 0 sampai 24) dan pemeliharaan (minggu ke 24 sampai 36). Dosis pemberian androgen 2,5 mg (interval 6 minggu) dan progestin 1,25 mg (interval 12 minggu) selama 36 minggu.Pemberian androgen/progestin ternyata dapat meningkatkan apoptosis sel germinal secara signifikan (P<0,05) sehingga menurunkan konsentrasi spermatozoa sampai azoospermia. Hubungan apoptosis vs konsentrasi spermatozoa adalah sangat signifikan (P<0,01) dengan persamaan garis regresi linear Y=125jt-1,6jt.X dan r= -0,75 dengan kuat hubungan (korelasi) r= -0,60 (P<0,01). Lokalisasi apoptosis sel germinal akibat pemberian androgen/progestin menyebar pada spermatogonia, spermatosit dan pada tahap pemeliharaan banyak terdapat pada spermatid.

Desain Alat Penyulingan Minyak Nilam Untuk Meningkatkan Rendemen dan Mutu

Barus, Pina — Sat, 21 Aug 2010 00:00:00 GMT

Authors: Barus, Pina Abstract: In order to increase of yield and quality of patchouly oil by village home industry, can be able by to design of distillator apparatus by using modificated and alter vapour pressure during the prosess. Beside to modified of the ditillator apparatus also to increase of Sumber Daya Manusia (SDM) villager home industry by trainning and aplication of this apparatus in the field. For this purpose will be to design the disstilator apparatus where the vapour pressure during the prosses can be increase from: 1; 1,5 and 2 atm. With the distillation apparatus; yield of patchouly oilk increase from 2% to 3,25%; and quality same as quality ekspor (SNI-06-2385-1991). The patchouly content as one of factor to quality of patchouly oil also increase from 29,76% to 32,68%. Method of test quality and prosedure of test quality same as standart method of SNI-06-2385-1991.

Aplikasi Teknologi Penginderaan Jarak Jauh Dalam Mendeteksi Pola Penggunaan Lahan di Das Cikaso Kabupaten Sukabumi, Jawa Barat

Sulistiyono, Nurdin — Sat, 21 Aug 2010 00:00:00 GMT

Authors: Sulistiyono, Nurdin Abstract: Land use in watershed is very important to know to optimalisation watershed function. Remote sensing technology can be used to detect the watershed land use. The Research target was know pattern of exploiting of farm in Cikaso watershed, Sukabumi District based on landsat TM image 2001 year by unsupervised classification method. Result of research showed that wide of primary natural forest was only reaching 0,10% meaning hardly less in supporting watershed function.